高精度重力仪的测量原理与发展现状

重力仪拥有广阔的应用空间,是获取重力相关信息所使用的最直接和最重要的仪器之一,对涉及重力测量的行业起着无可替代的支撑作用。重力测量原理的完善与创新能够极大地提高相关重力测量仪器的测量能力。首先介绍了重力仪的基本概念与分类,然后根据重力测量原理的成熟程度和相关重力仪应用的广泛程度,选取了自由落体重力仪、原子干涉重力仪、弹簧重力仪和超导重力仪4种目前重力仪行业内最为典型的重力仪,分别介绍了它们的测量原理与发展现状,并重点总结了与重力仪测量精度有关的指标,最后对国内外重力仪的相关研究情况进行了总结和展望。

Measurement principle and development status of high precision gravimeters

Gravimeters, which can obtain the information related to gravity efficiently, have potentially found wide applications in various fields. This kind of instrument plays an irreplaceable supporting role in many industries referring gravimetry. It has been proved by history that the improvement and innovation of the measurement principle employed in gravimeters have significantly increased the performance of such instruments. Firstly, this article introduces the basic concept and classification of gravimeters. Secondly, according to the maturity of measurement principle and the wideness of application field of relevant gravimeters, four typical kinds of gravimeters widely used in the world are selected in this review, including the free falling body gravimeter, atomic interference gravimeter, spring type gravimeter and superconducting gravimeter. This review presents the measurement principle and development status of each type of gravimeter respectively, and emphasizingly summarizes the specifications related to measurement accuracy. Finally, the present status and future development of the related research on gravimeters both in China and abroad are discussed.