面向碳中和目标的小型车载动力电池可持续发展研究

当前我国各行业均关注“碳中和”目标,电动汽车作为新能源材料和器件在交通行业实现节能环保目标的代表性载体之一,对我国实现碳中和目标有着重要意义。动力电池是电动汽车的重要组成部分,迫切需要解释其“碳中和”特性。将锂离子电池组在生产阶段的各类环境影响作为研究对象,采用生命周期评价方法,分析生产锂离子电池的过程中,成分组成对环境的综合影响。结果表明,硫化铁固态电池组（FeS₂SS）在足迹家族、资源耗竭和毒性损害的11类三级指标中环境潜值都较小,说明FeS₂SS电池组在生产阶段产生的综合环境影响较小,而磷酸铁锂-石墨电池（LFPy-C）、三元锂-硅纳米管电池（NMC-SiNT）、三元锂-硅纳米线电池（NMC-SiNW）在各项环境影响值中贡献程度均较高。为实现碳中和目标,减少碳排放,NMC-SiNW、LFPy-C、NMC-C三种电池组的生产应进行优化。

Research on Sustainable Development of Small Vehicle Power Battery for Carbon Neutrality

At present, the goal of “carbon neutrality” is concerned by all industries in China. As one of the representative carriers of new energy materials and devices in the transportation industry to achieve energy conservation and environmental protection goals, electric vehicles have made an important contribution to the realization of carbon neutrality in China. Power battery is one of the important components of electric vehicle, and its carbon neutral characteristics need to be explained urgently. In this paper, various environmental impacts of lithium-ion battery pack in the production stage were taken as the research object, and the life cycle assessment method was adopted to analyze the comprehensive impact of composition on the environment in the production process of lithium-ion battery. The results showed that FeS₂SS battery pack had low environmental potential in 11 categories of tertiary indicators of resource depletion, toxic damage and footprint family. In other words, the FeS₂SS battery pack had a low combined environmental impact during production stage. However, LFPy-C, NMC-SiNW and NMC-C contributed more to all environmental impact values. In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and reduce carbon emissions, the production of NMC-SiNW, LFPy-C, NMC-C battery packs should be optimized.