慢行道隧道火灾疏散门间距设置研究

隧道内慢行道发生火灾，机动车行道作为疏散通道时，在现有规范中，未对疏散门间距给出明确要求。以济南春暄路隧道为工程实例，慢行道火灾情况下对比必需疏散时间与可用疏散时间，验证其疏散安全性以及疏散门间距有效性。结果表明，慢行道发生火灾，耐火极限2 h的中隔墙和甲级防火门将慢行道与机动车道分隔成两个防火分区，机动车道可作为安全区；火源前后均有疏散人员，且人员无法绕过火源疏散，为防止通风时烟气向另一侧聚集危害人员安全，故不进行通风排烟，烟气自由蔓延；疏散门间距为250 m、火源正对疏散门时，不满足人员安全疏散要求；疏散门间距为200 m和150 m时，满足人员安全疏散要求。从安全和运行成本综合考虑，推荐慢行道内疏散门设置间距为200 m。

Research on the spacing of fire evacuation doors in slow-moving road tunnel

In the event of fire with evacuation channel in slow moving road tunnel, the existing specifications do not specify clear requirements for the distance between evacuation doors. Taking Chunxuan Road Tunnel as an engineering example, in case of a slow-moving road fire, the required evacuation time and the available evacuation time are compared to determine the evacuation safety and the effectiveness of the evacuation door spacing. The results showed that in the event of a fire on a slow-moving road, a fire separation wall of 2 hours and Class A fire door could separate the slow-moving road and the car lane into two fire compartments and use the car lane as a safety zone. There were refugees before and after the fire source, and people could not bypass the fire source. Ventilation and smoke evacuation are not performed during ventilation to prevent smoke from accumulating at the opposite side and jeopardizing the safety of pedestrians. Smoke spreads freely. When the distance between the evacuation doors is 250 m and the fire source is facing the evacuation door, the safety evacuation requirements are not met. For that distances of 200 m and 150 m, it meets the requirements for safe evacuation. considering safety and operating costs comprehensively, it is recommended to set the evacuation doors for slow moving roads at 200 m intervals.