天然气中氢气成因及能源意义

长期以来，随着油气成因理论的不断拓展和全球对清洁能源需求的日益扩大，氢气作为连接无机与有机生烃学说的重要纽带，同时也作为一种极具前景的清洁能源，逐渐引发了学术界的广泛关注。天然气中氢气的成因相对复杂多样，根据其反应机理分为无机、有机成因两大类，无机成因以地球脱气、水岩反应及水辐射分解为主，而有机成因以生物作用和有机质热解为主。目前主要利用氢同位素和伴生气体地球化学特征等方法判识氢气成因，但是由于氢气本身复杂多样的来源及其活泼的化学性质，目前尚不能系统地准确判识氢气成因。由于氢气成因的广泛性，全球各地不同地质条件下均发现了不同氢浓度的天然气，且氢气含量变化极大（0.1%~99%）。氢气既可以作为还原剂在费托合成中参与生烃，又可以作为氢源在有机质热演化过程中提高烃类物质产率，因此氢气的存在将可能延伸深层天然气勘探开发的深度下限。在系统总结氢气成因机理和分布规律的基础上，探讨了天然气中氢气的能源意义，为未来富含氢气天然气资源的研究提供了参考。

Genesis and energy significance of hydrogen in natural gas

For a long time， with the continuous expansion of the oil and gas genesis theory and the increasing global demand for clean energy， hydrogen， as an important link connecting the theory of inorganic and organic hydrocarbon generation， as well as a promising clean energy， has gradually attracted widespread academic attention. The genesis of hydrogen in natural gas is relatively complex and diverse. According to its reaction mechanism， it can be divided into two categories： inorganic and organic. Inorganic genesis is mainly earth degassing， water rock reaction and water radiation decomposition， while organic genesis is dominated by biological action and organic matter pyrolysis. At present， hydrogen isotope and geochemical characteristics of associated gases are mainly used to identify the origin of hydrogen. However， due to the complex and diverse sources of hydrogen and its active chemical properties， it is still unable to identify the origin of hydrogen systematically and accurately. Due to the extensive genesis of hydrogen， natural gas with different hydrogen concentrations has been found in different geological conditions around the world， and the hydrogen content varies greatly （0.1%-99%）. Hydrogen can participate in hydrocarbon generation in Fischer Tropsch synthesis as a reducing agent， and also can be used as a hydrogen source to improve the hydrocarbon yield during the thermal evolution of organic matter. Therefore， the existence of hydrogen may extend the lower limit of deep gas exploration and development. Based on the systematic summary of the genetic mechanism and distribution of hydrogen， this paper discusses the energy significance of hydrogen in natural gas， and provides a reference for the future research on hydrogen rich natural gas resources.