Porous Titanium Coatings Through Electrophoretic Deposition of TiH2 Suspensions

In the biomedical field, modification of titanium surfaces to improve the osteoinductive and antibacterial behavior is widely investigated. This functionalization can be further ameliorated by providing a porous coating with high loading capacity for bioactive materials and drug delivery carriers at the implant surface. In this work, a new powder metallurgical processing route used to deposit such porous pure titanium coatings on Ti based substrates is presented. The coatings were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of TiH₂ powder suspensions followed by dehydrogenation and sintering in vacuum. The use of hydrides allowed to lower the sintering temperature below that of the α–β transition of the Ti6Al4V substrate. Measurement of the tensile bond strength confirmed a strong adhesion of the porous coating. Deposition of powders with different grain sizes resulted in porous titanium coatings with varying thickness, pore morphology, and surface roughness. The possibility to extend this coating technique to complex shaped implants is highlighted.