Rubrene as an additive in M-phthalocyanine/fullerene organic solar cells |
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| Authors: | Avery P Yuen Nathan M Bamsey Ah-Mee Hor John S Preston Richard A Klenkler Stephen M Jovanovic Rafik O Loutfy |
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| Affiliation: | aDepartment of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8;bXerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1;cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 |
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| Abstract: | Photovoltaic devices made from metallo-phthalocyanine/fullerene (M-Pc/C60) with 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) as an additive are fabricated and characterized. The effect of rubrene is examined for 4 different M-phthalocyanines – H2Pc, ZnPc, ClInPc, and VOPc – to represent 4 different valencies of the central moiety of M-Pc. In each case, rubrene has shown a notable increase in the open circuit voltage and in the case of the ClInPc and VOPc results in an increase in the overall power conversion efficiency. Through measurement of external quantum efficiency, it is shown that the increased efficiency is due to increased Voc and not due to the photocurrent contribution from the complementary absorption profile of rubrene. Finally, the photostability of rubrene-based cells is studied, showing that unencapsulated devices decay rapidly in air as a result of the formation of rubrene peroxide, as evidenced by significant decay of the UV–vis absorption and direct measurement of the cell performance over a time period as short as several minutes. |
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| Keywords: | Rubrene Phthalocyanine Open circuit voltage Additive Stability Degradation |
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