Metrology system for pulsed electric fields processing |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA;2. Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6376, USA;3. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2752, USA;1. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, 5800, Argentina;2. Nexant INC, 3100 Ray Rd. # 230, 85226 Chandler, AZ, USA;1. LTCS and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China;3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Peking University, Beijing, China;1. Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Victoria 3004, Melbourne, Australia;2. Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark – Zwijnaarde 15, Ghent B-9052, Belgium;3. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Victoria 3004, Melbourne, Australia;4. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands;6. Imperial College, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Efficient process monitoring and accurate measurement of the electrical parameters defining pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment and lethality are key factors in the implementation of PEF. A metrology system that can accurately evaluate and record treatment delivery was developed. To achieve this end one current sensor and two high voltage sensors were placed in a food PEF coaxial treatment chamber, grounded and shielded to minimize noise pick up due to electromagnetic interference, and connected to a digital oscilloscope to register PEF pulses. A graphical computer program was developed to control the oscilloscope and conduct data acquisition, measurement, and keep a data record of the electrical parameters defining the process: peak current, peak voltage, electric field, pulse width, and energy delivered. The program allows real-time calculation of the electrical parameters and reports all measurements with their uncertainties, which were evaluated with an uncertainty propagation analysis of the whole system. The metrology system was tested during PEF processing of a saline solution (σ=0.47 S/m at 20 °C) using a pilot plant pulse generator. The relative uncertainties reported range from 1.3 to 13.5%. The experimental results showed good agreement when compared with those simulated by PSpice™ software. Also, the calculated energy density applied to the saline solution correlated to its temperature rise, within 1 °C. The methodology followed in this research and the metrology system developed can be extrapolated and implemented in industrial scale PEF systems to monitor and keep data records of the PEF process. |
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