Precipitation of NbC in a model austenitic steel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, the Netherlands;2. Tata Steel Europe, 1970 CA IJmuiden, the Netherlands;3. STFC, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom;4. Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands;5. Department of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park – Campus A, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium;6. Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, the Netherlands;1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;4. Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;5. Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China |
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| Abstract: | A model Fe–30 wt% Ni, 0.1 C, 1.61 Mn, 0.1 Nb microalloyed steel, that simulates conventional microalloyed C–Mn steels, but does not transform from the austenite phase on cooling, is reported. Plane strain compression testing was undertaken at 950°C at a constant true strain rate of 10 s−1. Samples were deformed in a two stage process. An initial true strain of 0.25–0.45 was followed by unloading, a hold of 1–1000 s and a final deformation to a total true strain of 0.5–0.9. A single deformation was undertaken under identical conditions, but to the total true strain of the double deformation tests. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) in the TEM was used to determine precipitate size and distribution. A 1 s hold time between equal strains of ϵ=0.25 was sufficient for appreciable strain induced precipitation, although 40% static recrystallisation occurred during the hold time. Precipitation occurred entirely on dislocations, present principally as microband walls but also as a rudimentary cell structure within the microbands. No evidence was found for NbC precipitation in the matrix, which therefore remains supersaturated with Nb. NbC particle diameter was in the range 2.5–15 nm, with a density of 3.8×1021 particles/m3 for a 100 s delay period between two strains of ϵ=0.45 at 950°C. Both the size and number density are consistent with those observed in conventional microalloyed C–Mn steels. The behaviour of the model microalloyed Fe–30 Ni steel is discussed in relation to the data on conventional microalloyed steels. |
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