随机需求下零售商主导供应链的订单决策分析

已有关于供应链中订单决策问题的研究大都是从制造商主导交货期的角度来研究订单价格和交货期,但在"集群"环境下和市场随机需求下,零售商拥有购买决策权,主导订单时间。通过引入制造商声明策略,研究了在随机市场需求下和市场不确定性与观察时间相关联下,制造商—零售商之间的订单决策问题。建立了不同策略下的零售商订单决策模型,分析了制造商声明策略对零售商订单决策的影响,推导了制造商最佳利润率的求解算法。研究表明:制造商的不加班策略对自身始终是最有利,但最优利润率受市场不确定影响;零售商的订单决策受制造商声明策略和订单价格的影响。最后,通过算例给出制造商的最佳利润率以及市场不确定性对双方收益的影响。

The Analysis of Order Strategy in Supply Chain Leaded by Retailer Based on Stochastic Demand

Most of the presented literatures,which considered the order strategy in the supply chain,always focused on the order price and lead time from the perspective of the supplier,who determined the order lead time.But,in the "cluster" environment and with the stochastic market demand,the retailer owns the purchase power on order time,i.e.the lead time.By introducing the statement strategy,we consider the order strategy in supply chain under the stochastic market demand and with the accurate of the forecast relating with observation time.We consider the order optimal strategy models and analyze the influence of different statement on the order strategy,and also present the algorithm to derive the optimal rate.The results show that: the statement on no overtime,is always beneficial to manufacturer;the retailer’s order strategies are influenced by the wholesale price and statement strategy.Finally,we present the numerical example to show the order strategy result and the influence of the forecast error on the two parties’ profits.