中国碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏勘探进展与问题

介绍了中国陆上与海上碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏的勘探历程.总结了伴随碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏勘探过程中新理论新技术的进展情况,理论上包括层序地层理论在中国的不断创新、坡折带理论、复式输导体系、相势控藏及三元控藏理论,这些理论推动了隐蔽油气藏从个别识别到定性和定量预测,促进了盆地不同构造位置、不同层系、不同领域隐蔽油气藏的勘探;技术上主要体现在高精度层序地层研究、为高精度层序地层研究而发展的保幅处理和高分辨率处理技术、验证和预测隐蔽砂体的反演技术、隐蔽砂体快速直观识别的可视化技术、分析隐蔽砂体含油性的AVO技术及分频等地球物理技术.尽管如此,隐蔽油气藏勘探失败案例暴露了许多问题,这些问题在于缺乏系统运用隐蔽油气藏理论或者由于隐蔽油气藏成藏理论不完善难以准确快速评价是否成藏,此外,由于地球物理预测具有多解性也会导致错误的认识.因此,今后应充分利用高分辨率地震资料,大力推进叠前处理和反演技术,进一步弄清隐蔽油气藏成藏机理及主控因素.

Progress and Issues of Subtle Clastic Reservoir Exploration in China

The progress of new theories and technologies for onshore and offshore subtle clastic reservoir exploration in China is introduced,the theories include the continuous innovation of sequence stratigraphy,slope break theory,complicated pathways,sedimentary facies and fluid potential controlling on reservoir forming,three genetic factors controlling reservoir forming in China,these theories promote the subtle reservoir exploration from individual identification to qualitative and quantitative prediction,accelerate the subtle reservoir exploration in different tectonic places,different layer systems and different domains,the technologies include the high precision sequence stratigraphy,high resolution processing technology,inversion technology,visualization technology,AVO technology and frequency division technology.Nevertheless,there exist many problems,including lacking use of subtle reservoir exploration theory systematically or being difficult to evaluate the reservoir forming as a result of insufficient subtle reservoir forming mechanism,in addition,the ambiguity of the geophysic prediction can also result in wrong conclusion.Therefore,it is supposed high resolution seismic data and advanced prestack processing and inversion technology will be used to make clear of subtle reservoir forming mechanism and its main controlling factors.