蜂王浆对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠肾脏的作用

蜂王浆具有延缓衰老的功效,对多种条件造成的肾脏损伤也具有一定的保护作用,但蜂王浆是否具有延缓衰老引起的肾脏功能衰退的作用尚不清楚。为研究蜂王浆对衰老小鼠肾脏的作用,以SPF级昆明小鼠为研究对象,50只小鼠(雌雄各一半)分为5组,对照组注射和灌胃生理盐水；另外4组注射D-半乳糖建立小鼠衰老模型的同时,衰老模型组灌胃生理盐水,2个阳性对照组分别灌胃维生素E和六味地黄丸,实验组灌胃蜂王浆,实验期持续90d。研究通过肾脏指数、肾脏病理组织切片、血液尿素氮和肌酐水平评价小鼠的肾脏功能情况,通过总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶水平评价组织的抗氧化能力；利用非靶标血清代谢组解析蜂王浆调控的主要代谢物和代谢通路。结果表明:衰老小鼠肾脏发生明显变化,肾小囊囊腔明显扩张,肾小球球体萎缩；血液尿素氮、肌酐水平显著上升,总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶水平显著下降；灌胃维生素E、六味地黄丸和蜂王浆均能不同程度地缓解肾脏生理功能和抗氧化能力的下降,而蜂王浆和六味地黄丸更加明显地减轻了小鼠肾脏病变。衰老小鼠血清代谢结果显示,与六味地黄丸组相比,蜂王浆调控的代谢途径更具有针对性,主要在氨基酸代谢、能量代谢和脂质代谢途径发挥调控作用；与模型组相比,蜂王浆组雌雄小鼠分别有308和343种代谢物发生了显著变化,分别富集在19和15条代谢通路上,这些代谢通路主要涉及抗氧化、提高能量供应和维持肾脏基本功能方面。结果表明,蜂王浆对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的肾脏具有较好的保护作用,研究旨在为进一步应用蜂王浆开发功能性食品提供理论依据。

Effect of Royal Jelly on Kidney of D-Galactose Induced Aging Mice

Royal jelly has the function of delaying aging and has a certain protective effect on kidney damage caused by various conditions. However, it is not clear whether royal jelly also has an effect on age-related kidney function decline. To study the effect of royal jelly on the kidneys of aging mice, SPF Kunming mice were used as the research subjects. Fifty mice (equal number of females and males) were divided into 5 groups. The control group was injected and gavaged with normal saline, while the other four groups were injected with D-galactose to establish a mouse aging model. Meanwhile, the aging model group was gavaged with normal saline, two positive control groups were gavaged with vitamin E and Liuwei Dihuang pills, respectively, and the experimental group was gavaged with royal jelly. The experiment lasted for 90 days. The kidney function was evaluated through kidney index, kidney histopathological sections, and the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase levels were used to evaluate the tissue''s antioxidant capacity. Untargeted serum metabolomics were performed to identify the main metabolites and metabolic pathways regulated by royal jelly. The results showed that there were significant changes in the kidneys of aging mice, with significant dilation of the renal capsule and atrophy of the glomerular. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the aging mice significantly increased, while the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase levels significantly decreased. However, feeding with Vitamin E, Liuwei Dihuang pills, and royal jelly alleviated the decline in kidney physiological function and antioxidant capacity to varying degrees. Royal jelly and Liuwei Dihuang pill groups exhibited better protection for the kidney disease caused by aging. Serum metabolomic results of aging mice showed that compared to the Liuwei Dihuang pills group, royal jelly had more targeted regulation on metabolism, mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Compared to the model group, total 308 and 343 significant changed metabolites were found and enriched in 19 and 15 metabolic pathways in female and male mice of royal jelly groups, respectively. These metabolic pathways were mainly associated with antioxidation, improved energy supply, and maintenance of basic kidney functions. The results indicated royal jelly had certain protective effect on the kidneys of D-galactose induced aging mice and would provide a theoretical basis for the further development of royal jelly as a functional food.