超疏水表面制备方法的比较

超疏水性是一种特殊的润湿性，它是指水滴与表面的静态接触角大于150°或者滑动角小于10°，其最初来源于“荷叶效应”。本文对近几年关于超疏水理论和自然界中超疏水现象研究进行介绍，并对超疏水表面的制备方法及其应用进行综述。分别总结了基于模板法、涂覆法、刻蚀法的超疏水表面制备方案的优缺点及其改进措施，重点阐述超疏水表面在金属表面抗腐蚀方面的应用。最后对具有特殊功能的超疏水表面的制备进行了介绍，如自愈性超疏水表面、润湿转变型超疏水表面。在制备方法中，模板法和涂覆法制备时间短、成本低，但稳定性和耐磨性较差；刻蚀法易于控制，但实用性受限。 

Comparison of methods for fabricating superhydrophobic surface

Superhydrophobic, a kind of special wetting ability, primarily originated from the "Lotus effect". It is defined as a special surface with a static contact angle of water droplets greater than 150° or a sliding angle less than10°. This review introduces the research on superhydrophobic theory and phenomena in nature and summarizes methods of superhydrophobic surface preparation and applications in recent years. The advantages and disadvantages of the templating method, the coating method and the etching method are compared, and improvement measures of these methods are proposed. Besides, one of the most important applications of superhydrophobic surface to the metal corrosion resistance is emphasized. At last, the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with special abilities is introduced, such as self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces, wetting reversal superhydrophobic surfaces. In these fabrication methods, the templating method and the etching method have advantages of time saving and low costing, but are usually accompanied by poor stability and abrasion resistance. The etching method is easier to control surface parameters, but limited in usefulness.