高分子基功能复合材料的熔融沉积成型研究进展

3D打印又称增材制造技术，是基于材料、机械控制、计算机软件等多学科交叉的先进制造技术，可得到传统加工不能制备的形状复杂制件。熔融沉积成型(FDM)是目前最通用的3D打印技术之一，具有设备简单、成本低、操作便捷等特点，广泛应用于航空航天、医疗、汽车工业等领域。本文介绍了国内外3D打印技术的整体布局、发展和规划，总结了常见3D打印技术的特点和分类。系统地介绍了FDM加工技术的原理和优势，阐明了 FDM加工对高分子材料的基本要求，介绍了碳基高分子复合材料在FDM加工中的应用。此外，详细综述了国内外基于FDM打印技术制造功能化高分子复合材料及器件的最新研究进展，其中包括FDM打印制造导电高分子复合材料、导热高分子复合材料及生物医用高分子复合材料等，以期为FDM制造高性能多功能高分子复合材料的研究及应用提供借鉴。并对FDM加工面临的挑战及需要解决的关键问题提出了思考并做出展望。 

Research progress in manufacturing multifunctional polymer composite materials based on fused deposition modeling technology

3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing technology, is based on materials, mechanical control, computer-assisted design and other multi-cross disciplines. 3D printing enables fabrication of complex structure materials which cannot be fabricated by traditional methods. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most well-known 3D printing technologies due to its merits like cost-effectiveness, simple in equipment and ease of operation, which has been widely used in aerospace, medical and auto industry. This review introduced the overall layout, development and planning of 3D printing technologies. This review also systematically summarized the characteristics and classifications of common 3D printing technologies, and mainly focused on the principles, advantages and requirements for the FDM technology. Especially, we aim to outline the basic requirements of polymer that suitable for FDM printing and introduce the applications of carbon-based polymer composite materials in the FDM manufacturing process. In addition, recent advances of FDM printing in fabrication of functional polymer composite materials and parts, including biomedical, electrical and thermal conductive polymer composites are reviewed in detail. The prospects for the research and applications of FDM towards manufacturing of high-performance and multifunctional polymer composite materials are proposed. At last, the challenges and key problems that need to be solved in FDM processing are considered and prospected.