珍珠母及其仿生复合材料力学行为的研究进展

珍珠母是由天然文石晶片和有机基质构成的一种两相生物复合材料。其中,文石晶片通过典型交错层叠方式镶嵌在连续的有机基质中,形成高度有序的分级结构,使珍珠母呈现出远优于其组份材料的力学性能。因此,受到力学、材料学和生物学领域研究学者们的广泛关注。本文首先介绍了珍珠母材料的微结构特征及其基本变形机制和力学性能,然后分别从理论分析、数值模拟和实验制备三个角度出发综述了仿珍珠母复合材料的研究进展,重点讨论了这类仿生复合材料在变形过程中的强韧化机制,并分析了结构-性能之间的关系,最后对其可能的发展方向进行了展望。

Recent progress on mechanical behaviors of nacre and its bio-inspired composites

Nacre is a biological composite which is made of natural aragonite platelets and organic matrix.These platelets are embedded in the continuous matrix in a parallel and staggered pattern,forming a highly ordered hierarchical structure.The mechanical properties of nacre are far superior to those of the components.Therefore,it has received wide attention of researchers in the fields of mechanics,materials science and biology.First of all,this paper introduced the microstructure,the basic deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of nacre.The research progress of biomimetic nacre-like composites was then reviewed from three perspectives including the theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and experimental preparation.The emphasis was focused on the underlying strengthening and toughening mechanism during the deformation process,and the relationship between its structure and properties was also analyzed.Finally,the latest development direction of nacreous composites is proposed.