线性α-烯烃的技术现状及应用前景

线性α-烯烃(LAO)是指C4～C4+高碳直链端烯烃.LAO的主要生产方法是乙烯齐聚工艺,主要技术有CPChem公司的Ziegler工艺、INEOS公司的改进的Ziegler工艺、Shell公司的SHOP工艺、日本出光石化公司的Idemitsu工艺、Dopont公司的VERSIPOL工艺等.其中Shell公司的SHOP工艺路线复杂、工艺路线长,除齐聚过程外,还有歧化、异构化等,因此生产成本最高,但其产品质量好、分布灵活,并可使α-烯烃转化生产内烯烃.乙烯齐聚合成α-烯烃的催化剂的研究取得很大进展.近年来出现采用非均相法烯烃齐聚制备α-烯烃的研究报道和专利,非均相(尤其是分子筛催化剂)体系具有可显著降低α-烯烃的生产成本等突出优点.国内到目前为止已获得84项乙烯齐聚催化剂方面的专利授权.随着聚乙烯(PE)工业的迅速发展,对α-烯烃,特别是1-己烯和1-辛烯的需求越来越大.1-己烯共聚PE是目前增长最快的品种.世界共有11个生产商的13套α-烯烃生产装置生产运行,主要集中在北美、欧洲、南非、日本等.2009年世界α-烯烃生产能力为4334kt/a,2010年超过4914kt/a,预计到2013年将超过5000kt/a.

Linear Alpha Olefin Technology Today and Application Prospects

Linear alpha olefins(LAO) is a term used to describe single,unsaturated carbon chains consisting of four up to more than 20 carbon atoms having the double bond at the end of the chain.Linear alpha olefins are commonly manufactured by oligomerization of ethylene.There are five main commercial processes which oligomerize ethylene to linear alpha olefins.They are CPChem’s Ziegler process,Ineos’s improved Ziegler process,Shell Oil Company’s SHOP process,the Idemitsu Petrochemical process and Dupont’s Versipol process.The Shell Shop process requires the highest production cost among the five processes due to its complex and long process route and the involvement of disproportionation and isomerization on top of oligomerization.However,this process has such advantages as good product quality and flexible product distribution.It also allows the conversion of alpha olefins to isomerized olefins.To date,significant progress has been made in the development of catalysts used in alpha olefin production by oligomerization of ethylene.In recent years,there have been media reports and patents on alpha olefin production by heterogeneous oligomerization of olefin.The heterogeneous(particularly molecular sieve catalyst) method has a prominent advantage.It can considerably reduce the cost of producing alpha olefins.Domestic enterprises have so far obtained a total of 84 patents associated with ethylene oligomerization catalysts.The rapidly growing polyethylene industry has an increasingly large demand for alpha olefins,particularly 1-hexene and 1-octylene.Polyethylene produced by copolymerization of 1-hexene is currently the fastest-growing product.There are now 13 alpha olefin production units in operation worldwide.These units respectively belong to 11 producers and most of them are located in North America,Europe,South Africa and Japan.In 2009,the world’s total alpha olefin production capacity stood at 4334kt/a and in 2010 the capacity exceeded 4,914kt/a.By 2013,it is expected to break through 5000kt/a.