基于RS和GIS的洪涝灾害监测与评估研究

以鄱阳湖区为例,对洪灾的快速监测与评估进行研究。首先探讨了洪灾监测与评估所需的基础背景数据,包括数字地面高程模型(DEM)、本底水体数据及土地利用数据;然后介绍了以RS和GIS为支撑,对洪涝灾害进行监测评估,实现了对遥感获取的灾情信息与地面实况信息进行各种空间分析与专题分析,从而提取出洪涝淹没的范围和面积,及时地反映出淹没的程度及地理位置,快速地对洪涝灾情进行评估。最后结果显示:该方法快速、有效,能够为相关决策部门了解灾情、制定救灾方案以及灾后规划等提供决策支持。

Study on Monitoring and Evaluating of Flood Disaster Based on RS and GIS

In order to prevent and reduce the loss of flood disaster,monitoring and evaluating flood disaster has been researched for huge flood hazard,taking Poyang Lake area for an example.First is to discuss the basic background data needed in flood monitoring and assessment,including digital terrain elevation model(DEM),the background water data and land use data.Next,introduce the monitoring and evaluation of flood disasters based on RS and GIS,which can do a variety of spatial analysis and thematic analysis about flood information by remote sensing and ground-truth information to extract the scope and area of flood inundation,timely reflect the submerged extent and location,quickly assess the flood disaster.Finally,combining with background data,all types of damage data can be counted using GIS spatial analysis function,so as to achieve the purpose of rapid assessment of losses.The final results show that the method is fast,efficient,and able to provide decision support to understand the disaster situation,make disaster relief schemes and post-disaster planning for related decision-making departments.