Efficient back-bias generator with cross-coupled hybrid pumpingcircuit for sub-1.5 V DRAMs

A very efficient back-bias generator with cross-coupled hybrid pumping circuit (CHPC) is presented. Though the CHPC is based on the previously suggested hybrid pumping circuit (HPC). Its cross-coupled nature which can totally eliminate the sacrificial voltage loss in storing the supply voltage (V_CC) at the capacitor shows a much better pumping efficiency and increased pumping current over the HPC for V_CC ranging from 3.3 to 0.9 V