走滑断层的识别标志及其石油地质意义

按照断层规模和石油地质控制作用的差别,走滑断层分为板块级、盆地级、区带级、圈闭级和显微级五大类。断面陡立、发育花状构造、平面形迹丰富、空间常见海豚效应、断层两侧地层厚度突变等现象是识别走滑断层的主要标志。综合利用地面地质、航磁、重力、卫星照片、三维地震等资料,可以更加有效地解释和评价走滑断层。走滑断层对油气勘探的重要意义主要体现在控制沉积盆地的构造格局和沉积体系,从而影响油气系统、形成有效的聚油气圈闭、充当油气运移通道和改善储层的储集物性等,有时也有破坏圈闭的保存条件和沟通油田底水影响开发效率的负面影响。

Identification of Strike-slip Fault and Its Petroleum Geology Significance

The strike-slip fault can be graded into five scales, i.e. plate-scale, basin-scale, trend-scale, trap-scale, and microscope-scale based on its difference in size and petroleum geological significance. It is up to the steep fault surface, flower structure, abundant distribution configuration, dolphin effect, and rapid change of strata thickness in two sides of a fault to identify the strike-slip fault. The strike-slip fault can be accurately interpreted and evaluated with the combination of data of surface geology, air-magnetic, gravity, land-sat image, 3-D seismic, etc. It is of great significance to petroleum exploration. It can dominate the structure framework and depositional system of the basin by which to affect the formation of petroleum system and available trap for oil and gas accumulation. It can affect reservoir on the basis of improving the property of reservoir and acting as the path for oil migration, however, it may destruct the preservation conditions of traps and connect the bottom water of oilfield so as to affect the development effect.