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A metallurgical examination of failed zirconium alloy autoclaves |
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| Authors: | Derek O Northwood William E White Norman Flanders |
| Affiliation: | a Engineering Materials Group, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 b Faculty of Technology, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3 c Petro-Canada Resources, Facilities Department, 2264 West Tower, P.O. Box 2844, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3E3 |
| Abstract: | Ten autoclaves, made from Zircadyne 705® (a Zr-2.5wt.% Nb alloy), failed in a neutral brine environment during tests designed to probe the mineral reactions occurring in thermally enhanced oil recovery techniques. Two of the failed autoclaves were examined metallurgically to determine the cause(s) of failure. Failure of the autoclaves was shown to be by a process of delayed hydride cracking that initiated at corrosion pits. It was believed that the presence of ferric chloride and/or potassium compounds in the corrosive environment was responsible for the pitting corrosion. Suggestions were made as to alternate materials for the construction of the autoclaves. |
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