高技术陶瓷产品的精密注射成型制备技术的应用与发展

讨论了陶瓷粉末注射成型制备精密陶瓷部件这一新技术及其国内外发展状况。先进陶瓷精密注射成型的科学基础是现代高分子精密注塑理论和现代陶瓷制造技术,它将高分子流变学、陶瓷粉体技术、陶瓷工艺学和金属模具精密制造技术结合在一起。该技术突出的优点有:①可净近成型各种复杂形状的陶瓷零部件,使烧结后的陶瓷产品无需进行机加工或少加工,从而减少昂贵的陶瓷成本;②成型制品具有极高的尺寸精度和表面光洁度;③可实现微成型(Micro Injection Molding),制备μm-mm范围内的微型陶瓷零件;④成型过程机械化和自动化程度高,重复性好,便于规模化低成本生产。该技术已用于陶瓷发动机、通讯产业中光纤连接器插芯(Ferrule)、计算机工业中光盘盒磁盘驱动用陶瓷轴承和生物医学用陶瓷制品等精密陶瓷件的制造。随着微注射成型新技术的发展,微型陶瓷部件将应用于环境要求苛刻、结构复杂的MEMS系统。

PRECISE INJECTION MOLDING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS

New technique of ceramic injection moulding for production of precise ceramic particles and its development in China and abroad were discussed in this paper.Scientific foundation for precise injection moulding of advanced ceramic was modern precise polymer injection moulding and ceramic manufacturing technique.It was related to the rheology of polymer,ceramic powder technology,fine ceramic technology and precise production technique of metal mould.The remarkable advantages of precise ceramic injection moulding included： ①Complex shaped ceramic parts could be produced by this near-net shape method.The sintered parts could meet the demands with little or without machining,so the high machining cost was reduced.②The moulded parts were produced with high dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness.③The micro injection moulding could be realized to produce the ceramic parts in micron or millimeter scale.④ The highly mechanized and automated injection process could be achieved at low cost in the mass production.This technique has been adopted to produce the parts of ceramic engine,ferrule of the optical fiber connector in the communication industry,ceramic bearing for driving the magnetic or optical disc in the computer industry and the biomedicine ceramic parts.With the development of the micro injection moulding technique,micro ceramic parts would be applied in the complex structure MEMS system for the severed rugged environment.