1.Universidad Industrial Santander, Grupo de Investigaciones en Corrosión,Bucaramanga,Colombia;2.TSEC Integridade Estrutural Ltda,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil;3.Electric Energy Research Center, DTE,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
Abstract:
This article discusses the problem of graphitization that can occur in carbon steels exposed to high temperature for extended time when these are present in pressure vessels and piping. Several case studies are described dealing with actual failures that have been investigated by the authors.