美国和法国违宪审查的政治属性及启示

违宪审查制度是适应维护宪法的最高权威的需要而建立起来的。各国的违宪审查制度不尽相同,但都具有利用司法权进行政治斗争或妥协的特征。在美国是司法性组织行使政治性职权,在法国是政治行为被赋予司法特征。违宪审查为政治争论提供中性的法律平台,使其在法律框架内转化为理性的辩论。违宪审查制度赖以生存的终极权威来自于人们的信任。在我国由什么机关来承担违宪审查的职权并不重要,重要的是如何让这个机关能拥有一种独立的超然的地位,如何树立这个机关的权威。

Political Nature and Enlightenment of Examination to Violation of Constitution in USA and France

Examination to violation of constitution system is necessary for defending the supreme authority of constitution. Different countries have different systems, but the jurisdiction of all the countries will perform political struggle and compromise around the world. In USA judicial organization performs political function, whereas, in France all the political behaviors are entrusted with judicial characteristics. The indispensable ultimate authority of this system stems from trust of the people. Hence, in China which organ to undertake the examination function is not important. The important points lie in how to entrust the organ with independent position and how to set up the authority of this organ.