后三峡工程时代长江口水源地盐水入侵规律及其应对措施

在简述长江口盐水入侵主要影响要素与特性的基础上，对三峡水库运行以来长江大通水文站年径流量、月径流量的变化规律进行了简析，发现长江下游仍呈现典型丰、平、枯水年特征，其季节变化规律也十分显著。同时对后三峡工程时代的长江口水源地盐水入侵特征进行了研究，结果表明，枯水期水源地咸潮入侵与其发生首日的大通水文站前6日日径流量相关性相对较好；影响期一般在农历九月至来年四月间，尤以二月最为严重；各月呈现出以初八和廿二为“双驼峰”型的氯化物质量浓度峰值分布特性。提出了进一步减轻长江口盐水入侵对上海水源地供水安全影响的建议，包括采取加强流域与区域信息资源共享、北支控制工程联建、长江口水源地（水库群）联动开发等措施。

Saltwater intrusion into water source zone in Yangtze Estuary in post-Three Gorges engineering era and countermeasures

Based on the main impact factors and features of saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary , the variations of the annual and monthly average runoff at the Datong Hydrological Station on the Yangtze River since the beginning of operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir were analyzed .The characteristics of typical wet years , normal years , and dry years are shown in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with significant seasonal variations.Meanwhile, the features of saltwater intrusion into the water source zone in the Yangtze Estuary in the era after the beginning of Three Gorges engineering were studied .The results show that , in dry seasons , the saltwater intrusion into the water source zone had a relatively close correlation with the daily runoff at the Datong Hydrological Station six days prior to the first day on which the intrusion occurred .The impact of saltwater intrusion can usually be seen from September to the following April , and especially in February , according to the Chinese lunar calendar .The chloride concentration peak showed a double hump-shaped distribution on the 8 th and the 22 nd of each lunar month .Some suggestions are given for reducing the impacts of saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary on the water supply safety in the water source zone of Shanghai City .These suggestions include promoting cooperation and sharing of information between river basin administrations and local departments , jointly building the controlling projects on the north branch of the Yangtze Estuary , and co-developing the water source zones （ reservoirs） in the Yangtze Estuary .