粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液的化学和流变学原理

综述。前言讲述了压裂液发展史及粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）压裂液的产生。微观结构原理一节讲述了表面活性剂肢束的各种形态、可形成蠕虫状肢束的各类表面活性刺，尤其是美国Schlumberger公司的ClearFrac压裂液中使用的由芥酸合成的季铵盐类。稠化原理一节给出了蠕虫状肢束数量C（L）和平均长度艺表达式，讨论了表面活性剂体积分数、温度、肢束分离能对L的影响，图示了VES压裂液稠化过程。破肢原理一节介绍了烃等油类和亲油物质在蠕虫状胶束内增溶，引起VES压裂液破肢的过程。图3参15。

Chemical and Rheological Principles of Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluid

A review.The introductory part presents the historical aspects of development of hydrofracturing fluids and the appearance of viscoelastic surfactant(VES) fracturing fluid(FF).In the 1st part on principles of microscopic structure,various surfactant micelles,types of surfactants capable of forming wormlike micelles,and quarternary ammonium salts synthesized from erucic acid and used in Schlumberger's FF ClearFrac are described.In the 2nd part on gelation principles,the expressions for number,C(L),and average length,L,of wormlike micelles are given,the influence of volume fraction of VES,temperature,and chain scission energy upon L is discussed and the gelation process of VES FF is graphically demonstrated.In the 3rd part on gel breakdown principle,it is stated that oily and oleophilic substances,especially hydrocarbon,can be solubilized in such wormlike micelles and cause breakdown of VES FF.