铝合金T形接头搅拌摩擦焊研究进展

铝合金广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、船舶以及化学工业等领域中,T形接头作为铝合金薄板结构组装中的重要连接形式,对其焊接质量的要求也逐渐提高。采用传统熔焊的方式焊接铝合金T形接头时会导致应力集中、焊后残余变形大、多孔性等一系列问题。传统的搅拌摩擦焊具有产热少、焊前不用开坡口、焊后残余变形小等优势,很好的解决了这一技术难点。但是,传统的搅拌摩擦焊在焊后会产生大量的飞边以及弧纹缺陷。静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊技术作为一种新型的搅拌摩擦焊技术,在铝合金T形接头焊接中具有很大的优势。文中综述了铝合金T形接头焊接特点、传统搅拌摩擦焊以及静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊在T形接头中的研究进展,并对搅拌摩擦焊技术在T形接头的应用前景进行了展望。

Research progress on friction stir welding of aluminum alloy T-joints

Aluminum alloy is diffusely used in aerospace, automobile, marine and chemical industries, and as an important connection form of aluminum alloy thin plate structure assembly, the requirement of welding quality is also gradually improved. A series of problems such as stress concentration, large residual deformation after welding and porosity will be caused by traditional fusion welding method. The traditional friction stir welding has the advantages of less heat production, no need to open the groove before welding, and small residual deformation after welding, which solves this technical difficulty very well. However, the traditional friction stir welding will generate a large amount of flashes and arc defects after welding. As a new friction stir welding technology, stationary shoulder friction stir welding technology has great advantages in the welding of aluminum alloy T-joints. The welding features of aluminum alloy T-joints and the research progress of traditional friction stir welding and stationary shoulder friction stir welding in T-joints are summarized in the present paper. Furthermore, the prospect of the application of friction stir welding technology in T-joint is prospected.