微构造的地震识别与应用效果

胜利油田的油气勘探具有较大的剩余勘探潜力，且大部分油气蕴藏在微构造油气藏中。微构造油气藏在胜利油田的勘探开发老区均有分布，纵向上从沙四段到东营组均有发育。该类油气藏埋深浅、储层物性好、产量高，具有较高的经济效益。微构造油气藏在国内外研究较少，国内外较注重目的层沉积微构造的研究，且主要是沉积微构造对注采关系的影响。在对复杂断块的精细研究中，以前研究的重点也主要集中在应用钻井资料对断层的成因和对断层封堵性的研究上，而对微构造圈闭的成因、识别及成图，一直没有进行系统的分类研究。文章划分了微构造的类型，研究了微构造的特点，并认为构造作用、沉积作用和后期改造作用是微构造形成的３种主要原因。同时，利用地震资料对微构造圈闭的识别方法和描述技术进行了探索，形成了一套具有针对性的技术系列，取得了显著的效果，这对油气田老区的滚动勘探开发具有重要的意义。

SEISMIC IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND APPLICATION EFFECT

Shengli oilfield has relatively large remaining exploration potentials, most of which are distributed in microstructures. Microstructural hydrocarbon reservoirs occur laterally in every mature exploration and development areas and vertically in formations from the 4th member of Shahejie Fm to Dongying Fm in Shengli oilfield complex. They are characterized by shallow burial depth, favorable poroperm characteristics, large oil and gas output and relatively high economic benefits. Studies on microstructural hydrocarbon reservoirs are rare both at home and abroad, while more attentions have been paid to study of sedimentary microstructures in the targets, especially their influences on injection-production relations. In respect of detailed study of complex fault blocks, focuses have been put on the analysis of the genesis and sealing abilities of faults by using drilling data, while no systematic classification studies have been performed on the genesis, identification and mapping of microstructural traps. This paper presents a classification of microstructures, studies their characteristics, and takes tectonism, sedimentation and later reconstruction as the three main factors leading to the formation of microstructures. Studies are performed on the identification and characterization of microstructural traps with seismic data and a series of technologies are developed, which are of great significance to progressive exploration and development in mature oil and gas fields.