On the effects of thermal history on the development and relaxation of thermo-mechanical stress in cryopreservation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Camino Cruz del Sur 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay;2. Unidad de Animales Transgénicos y de Experimentación, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay;1. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada;2. School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, USA;3. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States;2. School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Everett, WA 98201, United States;3. Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China;1. ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Departement, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Roma, Italy;2. Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, I-80125, Napoli, Italy;3. “Roma Tre” University, Department of Engineering, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Roma, Italy;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;2. School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;4. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;5. School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;6. Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China;1. Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, UCL, London NW3 2PF, UK;2. Asymptote Ltd., St. John’s Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK;3. Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital Campus, UCL, London NW3 2PF, UK;4. Multi Imaging Centre, Anatomy Building, Downing Site, Cambridge University, CB2 3DY, UK |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates the effects of the thermal protocol on the development and relaxation of thermo-mechanical stress in cryopreservation by means of glass formation, also known as vitrification. The cryopreserved medium is modeled as a homogeneous viscoelastic domain, constrained within either a stiff cylindrical container or a highly compliant bag. Annealing effects during the cooling phase of the cryopreservation protocol are analyzed. Results demonstrate that an intermediate temperature-hold period can significantly reduce the maximum tensile stress, thereby decreasing the potential for structural damage. It is also demonstrated that annealing at temperatures close to glass transition significantly weakens the dependency of thermo-mechanical stress on the cooling rate. Furthermore, a slower initial rewarming rate after cryogenic storage may drastically reduce the maximum tensile stress in the material, which supports previous experimental observations on the likelihood of fracture at this stage. This study discusses the dependency of the various stress components on the storage temperature. Finally, it is demonstrated that the stiffness of the container wall can affect the location of maximum stress, with implications on the development of cryopreservation protocols. |
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| Keywords: | Cryopreservation Glass formation Solidification Thermal stress Solid mechanics Annealing Finite elements analysis |
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