Different effects of alkyl sulfate and alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants on the synthesis and properties of CuPc/TiO2 composite films by the liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Molecular Science, The Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;2. Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;1. CEA, Nuclear Energy Division, Research Department on Mining and Fuel Recycling Processes, SFMA, BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France;2. Institute of Research for Ceramics (IRCER), 12 rue Atlantis, F-87068 Limoges, France;1. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, P.R. China;2. National Defense Key Disciplines Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China;1. College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China;2. CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China;1. Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Institution Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France;3. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL-FSB-ISIC-LSPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;4. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran;2. Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 2824809, Karaj, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The insoluble copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/TiO2 composite thin film has been successfully prepared in an aqueous solution by liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method, applying two surfactants as the solubilizing agents. The two surfactants are sodium dodecyl benzylsulfonate (SDBS) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), selected as the representative of their groups. The deposited films were characterized by UV–vis, SEM, FT-IR, XRD and ICP–AES. Comparing the two composite thin films, it revealed a series of interesting facts. The films showed excellent adherence to the substrate with particle diameter ranging from 20–50 nm in, and 90 and 280 nm in thickness. It is identified that CuPc is coexisting of dimers and monomers form, mainly in dimeric form for both the composite thin films by UV–vis spectroscopy, illustrating that the CuPc is not further aggregated by LPD process. The dependences of deposited amount of Ti and Cu with the reaction time suggested the growing of the films can be easily controlled, the SDBS seems to be hindrance to the growing of the films. After heat treatment at 250 °C for 2 h, the SDS–CuPc/TiO2 thin film becomes crystallized, but no obvious XRD peak is observed in the SDBS–CuPc/TiO2 composite thin film. |
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