Temporal Dynamics of Nutrients (N and P) and Hydrology in a Lake Superior Coastal Wetland |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States;2. Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States;3. The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO 80524, United States;4. Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States;1. Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA;2. Cooperative Institute of Limnology and Ecosystems Research and School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA;4. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;5. Mid-Continent Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;6. School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA;7. Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;8. Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Chesterton, IN 46304, USA;9. Great Lakes Commission, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;10. Department of Economics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;11. Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA, Washington, DC 20230, USA;12. Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;13. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;14. Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA;15. School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA;p. Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;q. Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA;r. Sustainable Technology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA;s. Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA;t. Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA;u. Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;v. Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve, University of Wisconsin Extension, Superior, WI 54880, USA;1. Large Lakes Observatory and Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2205 East 5th St, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, USA;3. Large Lakes Observatory and Dept. of Biology, 2205 East 5th St, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;1. Bellarmine University, 2001 Newburg Rd., Louisville, KY 40213, USA;2. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;3. USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA;4. USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA;5. University of Michigan, School for Environment and Sustainability, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA |
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| Abstract: | Coastal wetlands on Lake Superior are hydrologically complex ecosystems situated at the interface of upland catchments and the oligotrophic lake. Little is known about nutrient dynamics within coastal wetlands or their role in modifying or contributing to nutrient fluxes from watersheds to Lake Superior. We conducted an intensive study of Lost Creek Wetland (LCW) near Cornucopia, WI, with the objective of determining influences of temporal variability in hydrology on dynamics and retention of N and P. We measured hydrologic inputs and distributions of inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus within LCW under hydrologic conditions ranging from summer base flow to spring snow melt. Our study confirms that the interrelationship between hydrologic connections to lake and tributary and seasonal variations in hydrology can regulate internal nutrient dynamics of coastal wetlands. The strength of hydrologic linkage of LCW to Lake Superior and tributary varied greatly among seasons, resulting in shifts in the relative importance of these nutrient sources and influencing spatial distribution of nutrients within the wetland. Ratios of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland were consistently low (< 16) indicating a potential for nitrogen limitation. Retention of inorganic nitrogen ranged from 11% to 94% and was positively related to hydraulic residence time which ranged from < 1 day during snow melt to 26 days in summer. Retention of total and soluble reactive phosphorus was generally lower than retention of inorganic nitrogen and was not related to hydraulic residence time. |
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