Milk and urine excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their hydroxylated metabolites after a single oral administration in ruminants |
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Authors: | Lapole D Rychen G Grova N Monteau F Le Bizec B Feidt C |
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Affiliation: | * UR AFPA, INPL-UHP-INRA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 172, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France † LABERCA, ENV Nantes, Rte de Gachet, BP 50707, 44307 Nantes cx 3, France |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to establish the transfer of phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzoa]pyrene and their major hydroxylated metabolites to milk and to urine after a single oral administration (100 mg per animal of each compound) in 4 lactating goats. Detection and identification of the analytes (native compounds, 1-OH pyrene, 3-OH phenanthrene, 3-OH benzoa]pyrene) were achieved using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Benzoa]pyrene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were rapidly detected in the plasma stream, whereas 1-OH pyrene and 3-OH phenanthrene appeared later in plasma. These data suggest that pyrene and phenanthrene are progressively metabolized within the organism. Recovery rates of pyrene and phenanthrene in milk over a 24-h period appeared to be very low (0.014 and 0.006%, respectively), whereas the transfer rates of their corresponding metabolites were significantly higher: 0.44% for 1-OH pyrene and 0.073% for 3-OH phenanthrene. Recovery rates in urine were found to be higher (1 to 10 times) than recovery rates in milk. The 1-OH pyrene was found to be the main metabolite in urine as well as in milk. Thus, as has been established for humans, 1-OH pyrene could be considered as a marker of ruminant exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Because 1-OH pyrene and 3-OH phenanthrene were measured in milk (unlike their corresponding native molecules), metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should be taken into consideration when evaluating the safety of milk. Benzoa]pyrene and 3-OH benzoa]pyrene were (less than 0.005%) transferred to milk and urine in very slight amounts. This very limited transfer rate of both compounds suggests a low risk of exposure by humans to benzoa]pyrene or its major metabolite from milk or milk products. |
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Keywords: | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon milk urine metabolite ruminant |
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