花菁类近红外荧光探针在生物检测中的应用研究进展

随着现代生物学和生物技术的发展，近红外荧光探针作为一种重要的技术手段在许多领域都展现出了重要的应用价值。因具有背景干扰低、细胞损伤小、样品穿透性强、检测灵敏度高等优点，经常用于分子识别、医学诊断、生物分子检测以及生物成像等方面。本综述从金属离子检测、含硫小分子检测、活性氧（ROS）/活性氮（RNS）检测、酶识别、肿瘤细胞识别及治疗以及细胞内pH响应等方面，介绍了近年来花菁类荧光探针在生物检测中的应用研究进展。同时指出了花菁类荧光探针亟待解决的问题，通过花菁母体的结构修饰和改造提高探针的光稳定性、灵敏度、靶向性和水溶性，有望使其在生物检测以及疾病的诊断方面得到进一步应用发展。

Applied research progress on cyanine-based near-infrared fluorescent probe in biological detection

In modern biology and biotechnology, near-infrared fluorescence probes are of great value and importance in many fields as a powerful technological approach. They are frequently utilized in molecular recognition, medical diagnosis, biomolecular detection, and biological imaging, etc., due to their low auto-fluorescence inference, deep tissue penetration, high sensitivity, and negligible photo-damage to biological samples. In this article, the recent advance in cyanine-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for was briefly reviewed biological detection, such as metal ions, sulfur-containing small molecule, ROS/RNS, enzyme, tumor cell and intracellular pH. Although there were many problems need to be solved about cyanine-based probes, they were expected to be developed in biological detection and diagnosis of diseases with the improvement photostability, sensitivity, targeting and water-soluble by structural modifications.