非光滑表面减阻研究进展

基于仿生学研究发展的非光滑表面减阻技术在海洋工程装备和高技术船舶等领域具有广阔的应用而备受学者关注。对非光滑表面减阻的研究方法进行了系统介绍，概述了沟槽、凹坑和自适应3种非光滑表面的相关研究进展：（1）沟槽表面的减阻机理以及沟槽结构的几何参数、形状和排布等对减阻性能的影响；（2）凹坑表面应用于旋成体及平板上的减阻效果和湍流流动中凹坑表面上的流动结构和减阻性能；（3）自适应表面的理论模型，自适应表面的减阻机理，以及壁面运动对流动转捩和湍流结构的影响。最后总结了这3种非光滑表面的减阻效果以及相关减阻机理的研究趋势，并指出非光滑表面减阻在未来研究中需要重点关注的问题。从已有的研究成果和部分应用成果来看，非光滑表面具有巨大的工程价值和广阔的应用潜力。本文旨在更具体、全面地了解非光滑表面减阻，从而为改进当前的减阻节能技术提供必要的理论基础。

Review of Research on Drag Reduction of Non-smooth Surface

The non-smooth surface drag reduction technology based on the research and development of bionics has broad applications in the fields of marine engineering equipment and high-tech ships and has attracted the attention of scholars. In the work, research methods for fabricating non-smooth surface to achieve drag reduction were firstly summarized. Three non- smooth surfaces, riblets, dimples and compliant, were enumerated and discussed in detail. The influence of the geometric parameters, shape and arrangement of the riblets on the drag reduction effect were illustrated and turbulent drag reduction theory was revealed accordingly. The drag reduction effect on the rotating body, flat plate and streamline body was analyzed, when these surfaces were dimpled and applied in turbulent flow. Basing on the theoretical model of self-adaption surface, the effect of wall motion on the flow transition and turbulent structure was described, and then the drag reduction effect of the compliant surface was disclosed. Finally, the drag reduction effect of three types of non-smooth surfaces and the development status of the drag reduction mechanism were summarized. Problems that non-smooth surface drag reduction needs to be solved in future research were pointed out. Non-smooth surfaces have great engineering value and broad application prospects in the light of research and practical results. This paper aims not only to thoroughly understand the drag reduction of non-smooth surfaces in a more specific and comprehensive way, but also provide the necessary theoretical basis for improving the present drag reduction and energy saving technology.