汶川和芦山地震灾区农村民房震害分析与重建建议

5.12汶川特大地震和4.20芦山强烈地震中,农村民房的震害造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。基于震害现场调研,概述了近年来中国西南地区的几次地震中农房总体受损情况,从农房的建设选址不当造成的震害、灾区常见的几种农房结构类型的震害特征等两个方面分析了农房震害的主要原因,即地表破坏、缺少必要的结构设计环节、施工质量低劣、抗震构造措施差和房屋抗震意识薄弱。在此基础上,从农村建设场地的科学规划、具有良好抗震性能的农房结构方案和农房建设过程中的科学管理等方面提出了重建建议。

FIELD RECONNAISSANCE AND RECONSTRUCTION SUGGESTIONS ON SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES IN THE EPICENTAL AREAS AFTER THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AND LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE

The Ms8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred on May 12,2008 and another Ms7. 0 Lushan earthquake occurred on April 20,2013 along Longmenshan fault in southwestern China. A huge number of single family houses( SFH) were suffered severe damage and even collapse during Wenchuan Earthquake or Lushan Earthquake,which led to large population and economic losses. The whole damage state of SFH in the epicentral areas of recent earthquakes was analysed according to field reconnaissance. The results show there are several reasons which led damage or collapse to SFH,namely,ill-suited construction field,deficient design blueprint,poor construction quality,poor seismic detailing and few considerations about seismic design. Some suggestions that included scientific planning of rural construction sites,SFH structure blueprint of good seismic performance and efficient management in the process of the reconstruction were proposed to improve the seismic behavior of SFH.