Pedestrians’ crossing behaviors and safety at unmarked roadway in China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;2. State University of New York at Buffalo, USA;3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;1. Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;2. State University of New York at Buffalo, United States;1. IFSTTAR-LMA, 304 Chemin de la Croix Blanche, F-13300 Salon-de-Provence, France;2. CETE Méditerranée, Pôle d’activités Les Milles, Avenue Albert Einstein, 13593 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3, France;1. Department of Transportation Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea;2. School of Business IT & Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia;3. Department of Regional Development, Land Use & Transportation Research Jeonbuk Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea;4. Department of Transportation Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea;1. IFSTTAR–COSYS–LEPSIS, 25 Allée des Marronniers, F-78008 Versailles, France;2. IFSTTAR–TS2–LMA, 304 Chemin de la Croix Blanche, F-13300 Salon de Provence, France;3. INRS, Centre Urbanisation Culture Société, Laboratoire d''Analyse Spatiale et d''Économie Régionale, 385, rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal H2X 1E3, Canada;4. ENEC UMR 8185 CNRS – Université Paris Sorbonne, 191 rue Saint-Jacques, F-75005 Paris, France;1. Department of Psychology, Palacky University in Olomouc, Krizkovskeho 8, Olomouc 771 80, Czech Republic;2. Factum OHG, Danhausergasse 6/4, A-1040 Vienna, Austria,;1. University of Belgrade, The Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 305, Belgrade, Serbia;2. The Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies Kragujevac, Kosovska 8, Kragujevac, Serbia |
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| Abstract: | Pedestrians’ crossing out of crosswalks (unmarked roadway) contributed to many traffic accidents, but existing pedestrian studies mainly focus on crosswalk crossing in developed countries specifically. Field observation of 254 pedestrians at unmarked roadway in China showed that 65.7% of them did not look for vehicles after arriving at the curb. Those who did look and pay attention to the traffic did so for duration of time that followed an exponential distribution. Pedestrians preferred crossing actively in tentative ways rather than waiting passively. The waiting time at the curb, at the median, and at the roadway all followed exponential distributions. During crossing, all pedestrians looked at the oncoming vehicles. When interacting with these vehicles, 31.9% of them ran and 11.4% stepped backwards. Running pedestrians usually began running at the borderline rather than within the lanes. Pedestrians preferred safe to short paths and they crossed second half of the road with significantly higher speed. These behavioral patterns were rechecked at an additional site with 105 pedestrians and the results showed much accordance. In terms of safety, pedestrians who were middle aged, involved in bigger groups, looked at vehicles more often before crossing or interacted with buses rather than cars were safer while those running were more dangerous. Potential applications of these findings, including building accurate simulation models of pedestrians and education of drivers and pedestrians in developing countries were also discussed. |
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