城市化进程中的“村改居”社区规划设计优化探索——基于31个社区空间特征和评价调研

在我国快速城市化进程中,“增减挂钩”政策的实施带来了大量农村的“撤村并居”和农民上楼,“村改居”社区迅速增加并成为日益重要的城市新单元.选取在“村改居”社区建设模式和上楼农民安置方式上各具特点的山东省德州市、江苏省南通市和重庆市为调查对象,对31个“村改居”社区进行问卷调查和深度访谈,分析此类社区的空间特征和居民评价.调查发现,从空间和人口特征来看,“村改居”社区公共服务设施改善大、公共空间需求高、居民家庭规模较小.在空间使用评价方面,居民认为合理选址和齐全配套比较重要,而不少“村改居”社区存在生产困难度大和部分公共设施配置不当的问题.基于上述调查发现,该研究对“村改居”社区的选址、公共服务配套、公共空间规划和房型设计提出了设计优化建议.

Planning Improvement of Village-Turned-Comminities in the Process of Urbanization: Based on the Survey of Spatial Characteristics and Evaluation of 31 Communities

In the rapid pace of urbanization in China,a lot of villages are dismantled and peasants are relocated into high-rise apartment buildings due to a policy entitled'linking the increase and decrease of the land for construction use'(zengjian guagou).Therefore,village-turned-communities have become an increasingly important type of new urban unit.Given that Dezhou City in Shandong Province,Nantong City in Jiangsu Province and Chongqing City have different characteristics in terms of peasant relocation and community construction,the study carried out questionnaire survey and in-depth interview in 31 village-turnedcommunities in the three cities.The paper analyzes the spatial characteristics and residents' evaluation of such communities.It is found that village-turned-communities have better public services,higher demand in public space and smaller family sizes compared with former villages.The residents think that location and facilities are important for a good community and some of them are dissatisfied with the difficulty of agricultural production and some public service provision.Based on these findings,the study proposes principles to improve the planning and design of village-turned-communities.