以社会参与完善历史文化遗产保护体系——来自广东的实践

早期的历史文化遗产保护被视为政府的事务,由政府、文保专家和规划师等少数精英来推动,他们基于文化自觉建构了自上而下的历史文化遗产保护体系。在市场化改革、产权改革的社会转型期,由于个人、企业、发展型政府的逐利诉求,保护体系逐渐异化,出现了不少"保护性开发"的实践。随着后工业化时代的来临,出于文化认同的需要,历史文化遗产保护开始受到第三方组织、社区居民乃至市民的关注,启动了自下而上的社会参与。基于此,本文依托社会治理理论,以广东民间文化保育组织的发展为研究对象,探讨广东社会参与网络是如何建构的,以及这个网络在推动历史文化保育实践中的影响力与局限性,提出以社会参与完善历史文化遗产保护体系。

IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION THROUGH SOCIAL PARTICIPATION: BASED ON THE PRACTICE OF GUANGDONG

The early historic and cultural heritage protection is regarded as the responsibility of the government,promoted by the government,heritage protection experts,planners and a few other elite,which constitute the historic and cultural heritage protection system from top to down based on their cultural consciousness.In the social transition of market-oriented reform and property right reform,due to the profit-driven demands of individuals,enterprise and developmental government,the protection system gradually alienated and a lot of "protective development" practice emerged.With the advent of the post-industrial era,the historic and cultural heritage protection began to get the attention from the third-party organization,community residents,and even the public,which is based on the need of cultural identity and launches the "bottom-up" social participation.Therefore,the paper,based on social governance theory,taking the development of folk cultural conservation organization in Guangdong as the research object,discusses how to construct a society participation network in Guangdong,as well as the influence and limitation of the network in promoting the historic and cultural heritage protection practice.The paper puts forward the idea of improving the system of historic and cultural heritage protection through social participation.