Mass Transfer Coefficients for the Drying of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and Dried Product Quality

The aim of this work was to determine the mass transfer properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) exposed to air drying. The drying temperatures tested ranged between 30°C and 70°C, and the kinetic behavior was studied in this temperature band. The samples were analyzed in terms of moisture content, acidity, proteins, lipids, and crude fiber, both in the fresh state and after drying. From the chemical analyses made, it was possible to conclude that drying induces some reductions in acidity, lipids, fibers, and proteins. As to the influence of the drying temperature on the process, it was observed that a temperature rise from 30°C to 70°C led to a 70% saving in drying time. The results obtained by fitting the experimental data to the kinetic models tested allowed concluding that the best model for the present case is Henderson–Pabis, and the worst is Vega–Lemus. Furthermore, in this work, it was possible to determine the values of the diffusion coefficient at an infinite temperature, D _e⁰, and activation energy for moisture diffusion, E _d, which were, respectively, 0.0039 m²/s and 32.26 kJ/mol. Similarly, the values of the Arrhenius constant and the activation energy for convective mass transfer, respectively, h _m⁰ and E _c, were also calculated, the first being 3.798 × 10⁸ m/s and the latter 86.25 kJ/mol. These results indicate that the activation energy for convective mass transfer is higher than that for mass diffusion.