用于雷电流在线监测的多层PCB微分环理论分析

PCB(Printed Circuit Board)微分环作为一种新的测量雷电流的非接触式传感器,可实现数字化布线及全自动生产,克服了传统微分环的诸多不利因素。由于单层PCB微分环测量雷电流的灵敏度不高,本文从微分环的测量原理出发,由对单层PCB微分环测量原理分析扩展到多层微分环,得到了多层PCB微分环的相关计算公式。并给出了多层PCB微分环的等效电路,以及等效电路中电容和电感的计算公式与推导过程。最后,本文通过Matlab软件仿真分析了多层PCB微分环的结构参数对其测量性能的影响。仿真结果表明多层PCB微分环的测量灵敏度与微分环的层数存在着简单的线性关系,层数越多,灵敏度越高；并且多层PCB微分环的层数越多、层间距越小、与屏蔽壳之间的距离越小,其测量带宽就越小。本文的研究成果为后续多层PCB微分环和雷电流监测系统的实物研制奠定了理论基础。

Theoretical analysis of multi-layer PCB differential ring used foronline monitoring of lightning current

As a new non-contact sensor for measuring lightning current, PCB (Printed Circuit Board) differential ring can realize the digital cabling and automatic production so that many negative factors of traditional differential ring are overcome. For the reason that the measurement sensitivity of single layer PCB differential ring is not high, the measurement principle of multilayer PCB differential ring is analyzed in this paper, and the related formulas are derived. The equivalent circuit of the multilayer PCB differential ring is given, along with the formula and the derivation of the capacitance and inductance in the equivalent circuit. Finally, the influence of the structural parameters of the multilayer PCB differential ring on the measurement performance is simulated by MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the measurement sensitivity of multilayer PCB differential rings and differential ring layers has a linear relationship. The more the layer number is, the higher the sensitivity; In addition, the more layers PCB differential ring, the smaller the distance between the layers, the smaller the distance between the shielding shell, the smaller the measurement bandwidth. The research results of this paper lay a theoretical foundation for the practicality development of the multilayer PCB differential loop and lightning current monitoring system.