虚拟电厂关键技术及参与电力市场模式设计研究

为应对环境污染的持续加剧和化石燃料的日益短缺,推进落实“双碳”目标、构建现代能源供应体系,以风电、光伏等可再生能源在系统中的并网比例不断提升,给新型电力系统建设带来了挑战。然而,可再生能源发电具有间歇性和波动性,且接入位置分散,增加了电力系统安全稳定运行的难度。虚拟电厂的提出为解决可再生能源、保障能源安全、维持电力系统稳定问题提供了新思路。本文阐述了虚拟电厂的基本架构,并从市场运营技术、协调优化运行技术、物联网技术等3个角度分析了虚拟电厂的关键技术。并从平台层级、多流合一等角度介绍了虚拟电厂市场交易结构,并分析了虚拟电厂参与辅助服务、中长期、现货等多级市场模式,为我国虚拟电厂参与电力市场的建设与发展提供借鉴。

Research on the key technologies of virtual power plants in China and the model design of participating in power market

in order to cope with the continuous aggravation of environmental pollution and the growing shortage of fossil fuels, promote the implementation of the "double carbon" goal and build a modern energy supply system, the proportion of wind power, photovoltaic and other renewable energy in the system is increasing, which has brought challenges to the construction of new power systems. However, renewable energy power generation is intermittent and volatile, and the access location is scattered, which increases the difficulty of safe and stable operation of the power system. The proposal of virtual power plant provides a new idea for solving the problems of renewable energy, ensuring energy security and maintaining power system stability. This paper describes the basic structure of virtual power plant, and analyzes the key technologies of virtual power plant from three aspects: market operation technology, coordinated and optimized operation technology, Internet of things technology. It also introduces the transaction structure of the virtual power plant market from the perspective of platform level and multi flow integration, and analyzes the multi-level market modes of virtual power plants" participation in auxiliary services, medium and long-term, spot and so on, so as to provide reference for the construction and development of China"s virtual power plants" participation in the power market.