小型水库溃坝初步统计分析与后果分类研究

小型水库是我国水库大坝数量的主体,在保障农村经济发展、粮食安全、农村社会稳定等方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。对1990年后我国溃坝的小型水库初步统计分析表明,溃坝水库较集中于集水面积50 km2、坝高30 m以下的小(2)型水库,洪水漫顶与质量问题仍是水库溃坝的主要原因。结合小型水库应急事件转移人口,提出了按风险人口进行分级的后果分类标准,并对我国小型水库管理发展提出了相应建议。

Statistics of small dam failure and result classified analysis

Small dams occupy a large percentage in the total dams of China and play a replaceable role in securing economic development, grain security and social stability in rural areas. According to the result of statistics of dam failures after 1990, most of these are type-2 small reservoirs with a catchment area of 50 km2 and height of below 30 m. The main reasons of dam failure are overtopping of flood and poor quality of dams. It is proposed to use population with flood risk that need relocate in case of emergency as the standard for categorization of flood consequences. In addition, recommendations are given to improve management of small reservoirs in China.