某核电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声环境影响及防治措施探讨

通过对某火电厂自然通风冷却塔的噪声实测值与HJ2.4-2009导则推荐模式比对分析,表明导则推荐模式对冷却塔噪声衰减规律是适用的。结合我国内陆核电厂多规划采用大型自然通风冷却塔的背景,运用该推荐模式对某规划核电厂的自然通风冷却塔噪声影响进行预测分析,结果说明厂界噪声存在一定超标。总结了冷却塔的主要噪声治理措施,并结合核电厂须设置一定范围非居住区边界的环保法规要求,提出核电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声治理可采用设定的非居住区边界作为“虚拟围墙”,综合周边敏感点分布和试运行期监测结果,再采取技术经济合理可行降噪方案的观点,而不是完全以传统厂界（征地边界）噪声达标作为治理标准。这种方案既避免环保“一刀切”的弊端,也符合企业现实发展的环保需求。

Study on Noise Environmental Impact and Prevention Measures of the Natural Ventilation Cooling Tower in a Nuclear Power Plant

By comparing and analyzing the noise measurement results of natural ventilation cooling tower in a thermal power plant and the the guideline（HJ2.4-2009）mode, it is shown that the recommended model is applicable to the noise attenuation law of cooling tower. Based on the background that large natural ventilation cooling towers are adopted in the planning inland nuclear power plants in our country, the noise influence of natural ventilation cooling towers in a planned nuclear power plant is predicted and analyzed by using the recommended model, which shows that the noise of the plant boundary is beyond the standard of regulations. The main noise control measures of cooling tower are summarized, and the requirements of environmental protection regulations for nuclear power plants to set up a certain range of exclusion area are discussed. It is put forward that the boundary of exclusion area can be set as "virtual fence" for noise control of natural ventilation cooling tower in nuclear power plant, instead of taking the traditional factory boundary (land acquisition boundary) as the noise control standard. Combining with the distribution of sensitive points around the plant and the monitoring results of trial operation period, the viewpoint of technical, economical, reasonable and feasible noise reduction scheme is adopted. It can not only avoid the drawbacks of "one size fits all" in environmental protection, but also meet the environmental protection needs of the actual development of enterprises.