润滑油脂抗磨极压添加剂研究进展

介绍了四种商业化成功的润滑油脂抗磨、极压添加剂技术。(1)不含硫磷的钼酸酯添加剂:不仅表现出不随油品氧化而降低的优秀减摩性能,而且与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)、芳胺类抗氧剂具有优秀的抗磨、抗氧化协同作用。(2)非活性的硼酸酯添加剂:对环境友好,具有良好的抗磨性能,且与ZDDP等添加剂具有优秀的抗磨协同作用,与芳胺类抗氧剂具有优秀的抗氧化协同作用。(3)噻二唑二聚体衍生物具有优秀的四球抗烧结性能,但梯姆肯OK值较低;噻二唑多聚体衍生物既具有优秀的四球极压性能,也具有优秀的梯姆肯极压性能。噻二唑衍生物用作润滑油脂抗磨、极压剂,还具有抗氧、抑制铜腐蚀等多方面性能,克服了传统极压添加剂导致油品抗氧化性能降低、铜腐蚀严重的弊端。噻二唑衍生物无灰,不含磷和重金属元素,也是环境友好的润滑油脂添加剂。(4)有机铋添加剂(羧酸铋、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸铋等):为环境友好添加剂,具有比有机铅添加剂更好的极压性能,可以获得高的四球烧结负荷、综合磨损值和梯姆肯OK值。

RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIWEAR,EXTREME PRESSURE (EP) ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICANT

Four kinds of new commercially available antiwear,extreme pressure(EP) additives for lubricant are introduced.(1) Organic molybdate without sulfur and phosphorus,which is a good friction modifier with fuel economy retention property,and exhibits excellent antiwear synergism with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(ZDDP) and outstanding antioxidation synergism with alkylated diphenylamine.(2) Non-active organic borate ester,which is an environmentally friendly additive with good antiwear property and excellent antiwear synergism with ZDDP.It is also a powerful synergist for diarylamine antioxidant.(3) Thiadiazole derivatives: The thiadiazole dimer derivatives show excellent four ball weld properties,but with relatively low Timken values;The thiadiazole polymer derivatives afford high Timken pass values and four-ball weld results simultaneously.The thiadiazole derivatives can also serve as antioxidants and copper corrosion inhibitors for lubricants,which overcome the shortages of lowering the antioxidation capacity and corroding the metal copper incurred by traditional EP additives.All the thiadiazole derivatives are low-ash,environmentally friendly lubricant additives without phosphorus and heavy metals.(4) Organo-bismuth compounds,which is an environmentally acceptable additive due to bismuth's non-toxic characteristic, and possesses better EP activities than organo-lead compounds.High four-ball weld load,load-wear index and Timken OK value can be achieved with organo-bismuth additives(bismuth carboxylate,bismuth dialkyl dithiocarbamate,etc).