辐射防护剂的研究进展

人体的细胞和组织受到一定剂量射线照射后,其结构和功能均会发生变化。其主要机制为,电离产生大量自由基后,破坏细胞DNA及内部端粒酶结构,破坏线粒体膜电位稳态,进而导致细胞的凋亡、异常增殖、功能发生改变。本文就现有主要的辐射防护剂和天然药物的抗辐射功能进行简要综述,并阐述其中可能的机制。其中氢巯基类辐射防护剂主要成分为N-乙酰半胱氨酸;维生素类主要是维生素E和维生素C起作用;多糖的种类繁多,植物多糖具有辐射防护作用;免疫调节剂和细胞因子中的粒细胞集落因子有较好的防辐射功效;而天然中药成分14-去氧-11,12-二去氢穿心莲内酯作为一种新的防辐射药物,其作用机制值得进一步深入研究。

Recent Advances in Radiation Protective Agent Research

The structure and function of cells and tissues of the human body may change after exposure to a certain dose of radiation. The main mechanism is that, after the ionization produces a large number of free radicals, the DNA and telomerase in the cell are destroyed, the mitochondrial membrane potential homeostasis is destroyed, and the apoptosis, abnormal proliferation and function change of the cell are then resulted. The existing radiation protective agents and natural drugs are reviewed briefly, and the possible mechanisms are discussed. N-acetylcysteine is the main component of hydrogen thiol radiation protective agent. Vitamins mainly include vitamin E and vitamin C. There are many kinds of plant polysaccharides with radiation protection effect. Immune modulators and granulocyte colony factor in cytokines have good radiation protection effect. A natural ingredient of Chinese medicine, 14-deoxydioxy-11, 12-dihydrographolide, as a new anti-radiation drug, is worth further study for its mechanism of action.