离心压缩机旋转失速振动原因分析及改进

针对福建龙岩某厂离心压缩机生产中旋转失速振动的实际故障,分析了旋转失速产生的机理,认为离心压缩机风量减小到一定程度时气流向着叶片工作面产生冲击,在叶片非工作面上产生很多气流涡旋,旋涡逐渐增多,使流道流通面积减小,旋涡组成的气团传播方向与叶轮旋转方向相反,并产生振动。总结旋转失速的类型与特征,提出一种基于快速傅里叶变换旋转失速信号检测方法,可以检测到失速先兆,并运用频谱分析法提出改进措施,经一年来的使用验证,该法简单、便捷、实用。

Analysis of Stall Vibration Mechanism of Centrifugal Compressor and its Improvement

The mechanism of rotation stall of compressors produced by a factory in Longyan of Fujian province is analyzed.It is found that the air flow impacts the working surface of the blade when the wind flow reduces, while many air vortexes occur in the back surface of the blade.Thus, the net sectional area of the air flow decreases.The air bubbles induced by the vortexes translate in the sense opposite to the rotation of the impeller and cause the vibration.Summing up the type and characteristics of the rotation stall of the compressor, a method for monitoring the rotation stall signal is put forward based on Fast Fourier Transform.With this method, the omen of rotation stall can be found.With spectrum analysis, some improvement measures are proposed.This method has been proved simple, convenient and practical in recent one-year application.