中国典型叠合盆地及其油气成藏研究新进展(之一)——叠合盆地划分与研究方法

根据盆地形成演化历史及结构特征,将中国沉积盆地划分为单型与叠合型两大类。单型盆地的原型可以划分为克拉通盆地、拉张盆地和挤压盆地。2种或3种单型盆地的叠合可以形成若干不同的叠合盆地。叠合盆地油气成藏研究以成盆-成烃-成藏的动态过程分析为主线,在成盆方面,关键构造变革期的盆山耦合关系与盆地结构的形成和改造是研究的基础;在成烃方面,应加强古生代海相碳酸盐岩与优质烃源岩的发育环境、生排烃机理和效率的研究;在成藏方面,强调叠合盆地油气聚散机理与含油气系统演化。针对中国大地构造演化的多旋回性,采用波动分析方法是叠合盆地分析的有效方法之一。鉴于叠合盆地多源、多期油气运聚、调整成藏的特点,使用“元素-结构-功能”系统思想体系,提出了油气成藏体系的概念,采用“源-位”分类方案,建立了油气成藏体系的6种结构类型。

New advancement in research of China's typical superimposed basins and reservoiring (Part I): classification and research methods of superimposed basins

According to basin's evolutional history and structural features,the sedimentary basins in China can be divided into monotype and superimposed type basins.The prototypes of the monotype basins can further be divided into craton basins,extensional basins and compressional basins.Superposition of two or three kinds of monotype basins can result in various kinds of superimposed basins.Research of hydrocarbon accumulation in superimposed basins should focus on analyzing the dynamic process of basin formation-hydrocarbon generation-hydrocarbon accumulation.In respect of basin formation,basin-and-range coupling during the key tectonic movements and formation and reformation of basin structures are the bases of research.In respect of hydrocarbon generation,study of sedimentary environment of Paleozoic marine carbonates and good source rocks,and(mecha-)nisms and efficiencies of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion should be strengthened.In respect of hydrocarbon accumulation,emphasis must be placed on study of hydrocarbon accumulation and dissipation mechanisms,as well as evolution of petroleum systems.In view of the multicycle nature of geotectonic evolution in China,wave analysis is one of the effective methods that can be used to study superimposed basins.Whereas superimposed basins have the characteristics of multiple sources,multi-stage hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,multi-stage reservoiring and adjustment,the ideology of "element-structure-function" system is applied to propose the concept of reservoiring system,and the "source-location" classification scheme is used to establish 6 structural types of reservoiring system.