基于可供性理论的产品设计方法研究

目的 为了提高用户与产品之间互动的明确性与有效性，对消费类产品进行设计方法的研究。方法 借鉴生态心理学中的可供性理论，将可供性交互矩阵(功能–任务交互矩阵)与主成分分析方法相结合，构建面向消费类电子产品的可供性设计方法流程。该方法主要是面向产品设计早期阶段，通过解构用户任务与产品功能之间的关系，帮助设计师识别用户与产品之间彼此互动的行为模式，确立产品的可供性，为设计师在具体的实践活动中提供明确的设计依据。结果 以电吹风为研究对象进行实例研究。首先，通过功能–任务交互矩阵明确该产品的可供性因子;其次，通过探索性因子分析法确立电吹风所具有的可供性特征，可分为功能性可供性、操作性可供性和信息性可供性3类;最后，综合以上并结合用户人群的需求，进行方案的细化。结论 通过可供性交互矩阵与主成分分析法结合的设计方法不仅具有更好的操作性，而且丰富了可供性在设计领域的实践研究。

Product Design Method Based on Affordance

This paper aims to improve the clarity and effectiveness of interaction between users and products, thereby studying the design method of consumer product. Affordance is originated from ecological psychology. The design method for redesigning consumer product by combining Function-Task interaction Matrix and Principal Component Analysis. This method helps designers to identify affordance feature by analysing the interaction mode between users and products, which can provide a clear design basis for designers. Taking hair dryer as case study. Firstly, affordance factors are established by the Function-Task interaction Matrix; going forward, the hair dryer affordances and their correspondence weight are analysed by Principal Component Analysis in SPSS. From the result, these affordances can be divided into such three categories:functional affordance, operational affordance and information affordance. Finally, on the basis of the above and the needs of the user population, the scheme is correspondingly refined. In conclusion, this method not only clarifies affordance between users and products and its weight, but also enriches the practical research of affordance in the design.