钯催化剂在邻氯硝基苯加氢反应中的研究进展

在邻氯硝基苯加氢制备邻氯苯胺的反应中,钯催化剂的催化活性高,但因易脱氯生成副产物苯胺,限制了钯催化剂在该工艺中的应用。综述了4类钯基催化剂在抑制脱氯副反应、提高选择性和转化率的研究进展。单钯催化剂的性能受纳米钯尺寸、载体性能和反应条件的影响较大;双、多金属钯基催化剂通过金属助剂的协同和增强效应提高了选择性;有机络合物钯基催化剂和非晶态钯基催化剂具有特别的潜能,但相关研究尚处在起步阶段。基于分析,展望了钯催化剂的研究方向。

Recent Advances in Hydrogenation of o-Chloronitrobenzene on Palladium Catalysts

Palladium catalysts have high catalytic activity in the synthesis of o-chloroaniline from o-chloro- nitrobenzene. However, their application in the synthetic process is largely compromised by a by-product, aniline, formed during the hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene on palladium. The progress recently made in the inhibition of dechlorination reaction, the improvement of selectivity and the conversion rate was reviewed in the present paper. The performance of mono-palladium catalyst is influenced by the size of palladium, carrier profile and reaction conditions. Double, polymetallic palladium-based catalysts improve the selectivity through the synergistic and enhancing effects of metal promoters. Organic palladium complexes and amorphous palladium-based catalysts have potential for catalyzing hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene, but are still in the initial stage of development. Based on the analysis, the research direction of the palladium catalysts was prospected.