钢铁材料结构构件工作应力的检测方法及特点

针对钢铁材料结构构件工作应力的检测方法进行了归纳总结。可分为有损与无损检测方法及钢铁材料磁力耦合应力检测方法。有损应力检测方法有削磨面积法、小孔法 ;无损应力检测方法有电阻应变计测量法、X射线法、光弹性法超声波法。利用巴克豪森效应检测应力 ;利用逆磁致伸缩效应测量应力 ;铁磁材料应力的磁弹性检测方法及磁记忆应力检测方法都包括在磁力耦和应力检测方法之中 ,这也正是一种不同于常规的无损检测的新思路 ,即基于磁特性的钢铁结构无损应力检测方法。这种基于钢铁材料磁力耦和特性的应力检测方法比常规无损检测方法先进了一步。

THE METHOD & FEATURE OF WORKING STRESS TESTING FOR STEEL & IRON STRUCTURE & MEMBER

The methods & features of working stress testing for steel & iron structure & member have been summarized.The methods include nondestructive and destructive stress testings,as well as magnetic coupling stress testing.Destructive working stress method includes:the method of conventional cutting and sectioning and the method of hole drilling.Nondestructive stress testing method includes:resistance strain gauge method;X-ray diffraction method;light elastic method and ultrasonic method.The method of working stress testing by the effect of the magnetic Barkhausen noise;the method of working stress testing by the inverse magnetostrictive effect;the method of working stress testing by magneto-elastic effect and the method of working stress testing by the magnetic memory effect belong to the method of working stress testing by magnetic coupling effect.It is the new nondestructive working stress testing method based on magnetic characteristic of steel & iron structure & member that was emphasized and is more advanced than the routine nondestructive testing methods.