Characterization of an attenuated total reflection-based sensor for integrated solid-phase extraction and infrared detection

A novel attenuated total reflection (ATR) sensor, which integrates solid-phase extraction (SPE) and infrared detection, is presented. The flow cell, which enables the on-line coupling with a sequential injection system, is the core of the proposed sensor since it allows the continuous delivery of different solutions through the ATR and also the continuous spectrum acquisition. A SPE sorbent material (LiChrolut EN) was located in the sensitive element of the ATR without using any external coating substance, increasing the versatility of the system. A marked sensitivity enhancement was obtained as the analyte was concentrated before detection. The new sensor was qualitatively and quantitatively validated using the determination of caffeine in soft drinks as the model analytical problem. Linearity, precision (RSD = 4%), and sensitivity (LOD = 7 microg/mL) levels have been established. Finally, the main advantages and limitations of the new proposal are presented and compared with existing alternatives.