重质粒子/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料的制备及其隔声性能

为了制备一种轻质高效的隔声材料，本研究以丁腈橡胶（NBR）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混为主体材料，采用一步模压发泡工艺制备了重质粒子（HMP）/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料。通过SEM、动态力学分析和声阻抗管测试探究了橡塑比对HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料泡孔结构、阻尼性能和隔声性能等方面的影响，并进一步对其隔声机制进行了分析。研究结果表明：微孔结构的存在增加了声能量在材料内部传播过程中的衰减，提高了HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料的隔声性能。NBR与PVC质量比为50：50的HMP/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料具有良好的泡孔结构、力学性能和阻尼性能，其隔声指数高达28.1 dB。这种质轻、质软且易加工的橡塑微孔阻尼复合材料对新型隔声材料开发与应用具有一定的指导意义。

Preparation of high-density metal/NBR-PVC microporous damping composite and its sound insulation performance

In order to prepare a light mass and efficient sound insulation composite, the nitrile rubber(NBR) and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were blended as the main ingredients and the high-density metal particles (HMP)/NBR-PVC microporous damping composite were prepared by one step molding foaming process. The effect of rubber-plastic mass ratio on the cell structure, damping performance and sound insulation performance of composite materials were studied by SEM, dynamic thermomechanical analysis and the impedance tube measurement. The sound insulation mechanism of HMP/NBR-PVC microporous damping composite was further analyzed. The results show that the presence of microporous structure increases the sound energy attenuation during the propagation inside the composite and improves the sound insulation performance of microporous composite material. The HMP/NBR-PVC microporous damping composite with the NBR and PVC mass ratio of 50:50 displays good cell structure, mechanical properties and damping properties. Its sound insulation index is up to 28.1 dB. The rubber-plastic microporous damping composite shows the advantages such as light mass, soft and easy to process. It has guidance for the development and application of new type sound insulation materials.